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Many resources require fracturing of rock before recovery. This is often accomplished by energy deposition under in situ conditions. The mechanical properties of the medium, confining pressure, pore fluid pressure, temperature, and energy deposition rate are among the important factors leading to an understanding and prediction of fracture production. Recent experimental and modeling studies have improved understanding of the effects of confining pressure on explosive-induced fracturing in small-scale blocks, effect of timing of multiple explosives, rate of pressurization on hydraulic fracture production, changing material properties on hydraulic pressure-produced fracture initiation and orientation, and material properties on rubble behavior after fracturing. (ERA citation 05:011173)