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The coupling of an immobilized enzyme membrane with a electrochemical sensor provides a sensitive and selective electrode for the quantitation of organic and biological compounds. Amperometric and potentiometric enzyme electrodes were developed for the determination of glucose in biological fluids. Glucose oxidase in the immobilized enzyme membrane catalyzes the oxidation of beta-D-glucose to produce hydrogen peroxide. The amount of hydrogen peroxide produced, which can be measured electrochemically, is directly related to the concentration of glucose. In the amperometric enzyme electrode, the sensor used to monitor hydrogen peroxide consists of a platinum anode, to which a potential of +700 mV is applied, and a silver cathode. The potentiometric enzyme electrode is based on the reaction of p-fluorophenol with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of peroxidase to produce fluoride ion. The liberated fluoride ion is measured by a fluoride ion selective sensor. The design, optimization, and performance of these enzyme electrodes are described.