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Three dimensional X-ray Computer Tomography (3D-CT) enables to provide complete volume information of the test objects due to highly advanced cone beam tomography. The system is optimised to highest possible spatial resolution, presenting a spectrum of possibilities far beyond conventional procedures for non-destructive testing. Conventional NDT techniques in most cases are limited to quality control in the sense of mere flaw detection. Now, 3D-CT offers new methods of analysis extending from sophisticated flaw detection in the complete object volume to geometrical measurements and reverse engineering. New exciting possibilities have recently come up, opening a totally new field of application of industrial NDT. Historic-cultural research has greatly profited from the 3D-CT as a valuable tool for gaining access to up to now unattained results. Among other topics the paper will present details on various applications in the fields of archaeology, palaeontology, restoration of works of art, as well as research on a variety of historical finds. The cone beam tomographic system RayScan 200 was shown to be a versatile tool for quality control in view of a rapid development of new products with new materials. The system allows a fast tomographic volume scanning as well as a high spatial resolution in all 3 directions. With a single NDT tool and a single measurement, defects in complex bodies can be detected and analysed regarding their 3D shape, orientation and position. Dimensional measurements of outer and inner structures can be performed to verify the geometry of parts. Therefore, the system gives new opportunities to rapidly optimise products and materials as well as production processes aiming at the minimization of defects and deviations from the nominal geometry. Due to the unique feature of RayScan it could be used for a variety of exciting research applications, which are far beyond conventional NDT.