La visualisation d'information au service de la veille concurrentielle, de la fouille d'information et de la supervision de systemes complexes
(French)
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All organizations are now faced with complex networked information and seek for solutions that can contribute to the decision making process. The gathering and analysis of this constantly renewed information does not share much with classical information retrieval: the surveillance and extraction are conducted on implicit or unknown domains, and tools are required to detect new and unexpected information. Information visualization becomes an essential instrument of surveillance activities by providing graphical output from the extracted information, taking advantage of the human visual system capabilities to detect complex patterns. Graphical metaphors then support the analysis process, easing the exploration through interaction and enabling users to organize and annotate information at will. This inherent complexity made available to the user must be delivered with tools to act on graphical representations. Defining parameters and bringing structure in the information space becomes a necessity. The exploration or surveillance then evolves in a sense-making loop where models emerge and evolve through visual analytics. This is the added value of Information Visualization component built on top of information systems of organization. After describing the development of Information Visualization, we present two fundamental visualization innovative components having established their efficiency and contribution to mining, surveillance and supervision processes.