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Neutron diffraction (ND) analyses of ancient metals show that this method is capable of detecting differences in the inner composition and microstructure of ancient metal objects. This gives archaeometallurgists a powerful non-destructive tool to help generate a better understanding of ancient modes of production (i.e. casting direction and mechanical and thermal treatment of selected parts of the original cast). Introducing this method in Israel will allow us to study unique and precious archaeological metal artifacts that cannot be taken abroad or cut or drilled for sampling. We carried out ND measurements on two Middle Bronze Age I 'Eye' axes, one made of bronze and the other of silver, both found recently in the ancient cemetery of Mahzevat Shuni. Both artefacts are rare finds with the silver axe unique in the archaeology of Israel. ND was carried out on the newly assembled KARL diffractometer at the IRR-1 at the Nuclear Research Center-Soreq, Israel. Preliminary results confirmed our ability to clearly identify and analyze metal compositions and phases, and obtain information on the texture of the studied alloy. In particular, ND measurement on the bronze axe revealed the existence of three copper-tin phases, among which two are bronze phases with different copper/tin ratio and the third is the gamma-bronze phase. Unlike the bronze axe, the silver axe diffraction show the existence of only one silver/copper phase. Our ND data is discussed in comparison with XRF surface measurements which combined with the ND data can shed light on the in-depth material composition profile.