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In this experimental study, precision machining of an aluminum/SiC composite is carried out using the PDC (polycrystalline diamond compact) and CVD (chemical vapor deposition) diamond whiskers as cutting tools. The study discusses the mechanisms for workpiece material removal and diamond whisker wear. The study is summarized as follows: (1) For a depth of cut in the range between the traditional cutting and the grinding processes, both PDC and CVD diamond whisker cutters have stable and uniform wear without obvious edge breakage. (2) The machining using both whiskers provides a machined surface with good integrity and quality at a relatively small depth of cut and feedrate, but a machined surface with microcracks and micro porosities at a relatively large depth of cut and feedrate. (3) Compared to the PDC whisker, the CVD diamond whisker has good edge evenness, which leads to good machining quality. Hence, CVD diamond whisker cutters are more appropriate for precision machining of the aluminum/SiC composite.