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Reinforcement corrosion is one of the main causes for the deterioration of reinforcement concrete structure. And it seriously affected mechanical properties of anchor structure system of underground engineering under complicated erosion environment. Based on elastic theory and assumption of maximum tensile-stress failure criterion, together with construction process of anchor structure and rust expansion critical process, reinforcement rust expansion mechanical model of anchor structure system was simplified. Elastic criterion of different initial cracking mode was rewarded under different stress ratios. According to analysis of critical cracking mode of different medium, cracking order of mortar and surrounding rock depended on their material parameters, in-situ stress and thickness of mortar cover. Critical cracking conditions of different medium without effect of in-situ stress was rewarded. The result provides a useful reference for analysis of mechanical deterioration mechanism of anchor structure and design of support structure of underground engineering.