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Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Mechatronics Systems, Ltd (On April 1, 2012, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. transferred its penstock business to Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Mechatronics Systems, Ltd.) has designed and fabricated many branch pipes using high strength steel. HT780 steel was used for branch pipes for the first time in our company in 1980 and HT950 steel was used in 2005. In the design of branch pipes, it is important to consider the balance between hydraulic characteristics, winch consider various kinds of operation patterns (generating electric power and water pumping, etc.), and structural strength, which considers material property; for example, it is necessary to use lamellar tear-resistant guaranteed steel for sickle-shaped reinforcement of wye branch pipes with internal reinforcement. In recent years the development of numerical analysis has made it possible to study the hydraulic characteristics by using CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) analysis and the structural strength by using FEM (Finite Element Method) analysis. However, it is important to verify the validity of analysis results by comparison with experimental results or theoretical solutions. Branch pipes are divided into several types: spherical branch, shell branch, wye branch with external reinforcement and wye branch with internal reinforcement, etc. In this paper we introduce the characteristics of each branch pipe and the design of the wye branch with internal reinforcement which has often been applied in recent years.