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Ground state resonance Raman spectroscopy and picosecond transient Raman spectroscopy provide similar information. The former method superimposes excited state structural information on the ground state vibrational spectrum, while the latter method is a direct probe of the excited state vibrational spectrum. When the two methods are taken together, the resonance Raman spectrum provides a means for correlating vibrational bands in the ground state spectrum with bands observed in the excited state transient spectra. A MHz amplified synchronously pumped dye laser is used as the source for the authors' experiments. The authors demonstrate recent improvements in the laser system that increase the power and extend the wavelength coverage. The authors use the source to study the vibrational spectra of dilute solutions of biological molecules and to study the structure of the excited state of trans-stilbene in several solvents. Many important biological systems have excited state lifetimes that are in the range of picoseconds or shorter. Thus, picosecond transient Raman spectroscopy can contribute significantly to the elucidation of excited state structure.