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A comprehensive review of measurement techniques ranges from the characterisation of fibre-optic communication components to measurements on installed links. Fibre characteristics covered include refractive index profile, numerical aperture, modal and chromatic dispersions, sheath and core diameters, tension, shock and loading resistances, curvature and thermal stress. Laser and LED sources are considered for spectral characteristic, and modulation transfer function of electronic components is treated briefly. The link measurements include average power and attenuation, bit error rate, passband and backscatter evaluation by optical time-domain reflectometry. Footnotes distinguish multimode and monomode fibres, step-index and gradient-index profiles, absorption and Rayleigh scattering.